Notes - Agricultural & Industrial Revolutions

• Great Britain - England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland
• in the 1600s England had subsistance farming (farming of only what family needs)
• enclosure movement - England had common grounds, they started fencing common grounds off during movement. small farms were taken from families and enclosed in larger land and given to large farms.
• became tenant farmers or were forced to move if couldn't find work. farmers were looking for efficiency
• worried about amount of seed being wasted by hand seeding, so invented the seed drill. made harvest easier
• crop rotation - moved different crops to different places each year. rotate land that you grow crops on
• go from wooden plow to metal. they last longer and are stronger. created interchangeable plow. used to replace blades
• people start moving to cities and cause population to grow. go to find work but there is none. Great Britain, because of factors of production, they become leader of industrial revolution in Europe. had a lot of natural resources. 2 top resources - coal & iron ore
• 3 factors of production - natural resources, land, workers (labor)
• Great Britain also had water and rivers. helped with food, transportation, power/energy
• disadvantage of having factory on river - flooding, droughts
• rivers were crucial to spread of industrial revolution
• textile industry - clothing industry. everything done by hand before. now using machines
• thread loom - takes a roll of string and turns it into a sheet of cloth.
• steam engine - ways to power factories, boats, trains. people who live at bottom of country can go to top.

Test Questions

1. The Renaissance began in this city : Florence, Italy.
2. An interest in the classic is called - Liberalism
3. Who wrote the first modern biography? James Boswell
4. Who wrote The Prince? Niccolo Machiavelli.
5. Who created David? Michelangelo.
6. Where was the birthplace of the Italian Renaissance?
7. Who painted the "Mona Lisa"? Leonardo Da Vinci
8. What was the famous family in Florence that ruled? the Medici family.
9. Donatello, Michelangelo, and Ghiberti were all what? Renaissance artists.
10. Who painted "The Last Supper"? Leonardo DaVinci.
11. Who painted the Sistine Chapel? Michelangelo.
12. Who invented the movable metal type? Johannes Gutenberg.
13. What is a French name for a castle? Chateau.
14. Belgium, Netherlands, and Luxemburg are referred to as the __________________ countries. - Low Countries
15. In the Renaissance they began to paint with what? oil paints.
16. Who wrote the book, "Utopia"? Thomas More.
17. Who was a classical playwright whose works included Romeo & Juliet, Hamlet? William Shakespeare.
18. This is a change in the church's way of teaching and practicing Christianity -
19. Tickets issued by the church said to reduce the punishment for one's sins and even future sins - Indulgences.
20. Who believed in justification by faith? Martin Luther
21. Luther nailed these to the door of a Whitenburg chruch to protest the Catholic beliefs - 95 Theses
22. What was the first Protestant faith? Lutheranism
23. Who was the founder of Lutheranism? Martin Luther.
24. Who was the Swiss reformer? John Calvin
25. What is a church-run state called? theocracy 
26. Who wrote the institutes of Christian religion? John Calvin
27. Who was the founder of Calvinism? John Calvin.
28. What is it called when God determines the fate of every person? predestination
29. These people believed that only adults could be baptized -
30. Who was Henry's first wife? Catherine.
31. Who was Henry's second wife? Anne.
32. Who was Henry's third wife? Jane.
33. Who was Henry's fourth wife? Anne.
34. Who was Henry's fifth wife? Catherine.
35. Who was Henry's sixth wife? Catherine.
36. What happened to Henry's first wife? divorced.
37. What happened to Henry's second wife? beheaded.
38. What happened to Henry's third wife? died.
39. What happened to Henry's fourth wife? divorced.
40. What happened to Henry's fifth wife? beheaded.
41. What happened to Henry's sixth wife? survived.
42. Why did Henry VIII get married so many times? He wanted to have a son, so he would have an heir to the throne.
43. Name Henry's children : Mary, Elizabeth, Edward
44. Who became head of the church during Henry VIII's reign?
45. The inquisition was brought about to restore whose authority?
46. This was a change by the Catholic Church -
47. Who was the founder of the Jesuits? Ignatius of Loyola
48. What was the name of the society of Jesus? Jerusalem.
49. The main job of the Jesuits was to be?
50. The qualities of being merciful, trustworthy, humane, religious, and honest were the qualities of a good person according to whom? Niccolo Machiavelli

John Calvin

• Born July 10, 1509 in France. He died in 1564
• was a french reformer & theologian
• wrote the Institutes of the Christian Religion
• When Calvin was 28, he moved to Geneva, Switzerland
• he created Calvinism
• Calvinism was based around the absolute power and supremacy of God.

Robert Hooke

• an English philosopher & architect
• born in July of 1635.
• Helped rebuild London after the great fire
• Last of 4 children
• developed the compound microscope

Niccolo Machiavelli

• father of modern political theory
• Wrote "The Prince"
• was unfairly attacked his whole life

Chistopher Columbus

• an italian spanish navigator. sailed west across atlantic ocean
• didn't mean to discover the americas
• travelled to Carribean Sea, explored, and claimed land for Spain

Galiliei

• well known musician
• made a telescope
• found jupiter's 4 moons
• observed Venus for a while
• became blind
• born in 1464
• first to record sun spots

Johannes Gutenburg

• german blacksmith, goldsmith, printer, and publisher.
• introduced printing to Europe
• invented the moveable printing press, known as a very important event
• major work - Gutenburg bible
• born in 1398

Leonardo Da Vinci

• Painted the Last Supper
• created designs for airplanes
• invented and sketched early tanks and cars

Michelangelo

• was an italian painter and sculptor
• painted celing of the Sistine Chapel
• was very well known

Miguel de Cervantes

• born in 1547, the son of a surgeon
• died in 1616
• studied literature and philosophy in Italy
• enlisted as a soldier in Naples in 1570
• Spanish novelist, poet, and playwrighter.
• wrote the "Don Quixode"
• Named the "The Prince of Wits"

Aretmisla Gentileschi

• Born in 1593 in Rome
• died in 1652
• painted pictures of strong women including a self portrait
• Italian painter

Thomas More

• born in 1478. died in July 1635
• known as Saint Thomas More
• english lawyer, philosopher
• wrote "Utopia"

Martin Luther

• born in 1483
• wrote the 95 Theses
• participated in a German Catholic church

Prince Henry of Portugal

• nickname - Henry the navigator
• the 3rd child
• established center of navigation & exploration

Louise Labe

• born in early 1520s
• wrote 24 sonnets
• born to a rope maker
• 1566 - died from plague
• author who encouraged women to write books

Filippo Brunelleschi

• renaissance architect and engineer
• designed and built dome for Florence cathedral

Ambrose Pare

• born in 1510 in France
• served as a surgeon apprentice
• served in war
• wrote a book about sea devils. published in 1573
• faith is unknown
• first person to tie an artery
• surgeon who invented bandages

Peter Brueghell

• renaissance painter
• known for landscapes and peasant scenes
• painted The Peasant Dance, a painting that relies on detail and realism

William Shakespeare

• wrote the play "Romeo & Juliet" among many others

Nicolaus Copernicus

• published the theory that the earth was not the center of the universe

Andreas Vesalius

• published detailed descriptions of the human anatomy

Jane Seymour

     Jane Seymour was the mother of King Edward the sixth. She was also the third wife of King Henry the eighth. Jane was the daughter of one of the king's knights. In Henry's attempt to win Jane, he sent her a love letter and a purse. However, Jane sent the purse back along with a touching message.  She was the first and only wife to provide King Henry the eighth with the proper male heir. Jane was unable to recover from the birth and died twelve days later.

Chapter 15 Notes - Section 2

• Johannes Gutenburg - famous for printing press. 1st thing printed - bible
• Desiderius Erasmus - wrote "The Praise of Folly"
• Thomas More - writer. wrote "Utopia" - (your perfect society, different for every person). wrote about the perfect government. believed everyone was treated the same. didn't support King Henry the 8th.
• William Shakespeare - wrote "Romeo & Juliet" "Hamlet" "Macbeth"
• Flemish - people from Finland. first to paint with oils on canvas.